NDANI MARI WOLLSTONECRAFT

NDANI MARI WOLLSTONECRAFT

MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (27 Epulo 1759 - 10 Seputembala 1797) anali wolemba Chingelezi komanso wodziwa zambiri komanso woyimira ufulu wa amayi. Mwana wachiwiri wa banja la ana asanu ndi awiri, Wollstonecraft anabadwira ku London. Bambo ake, omwe anasiya kuluka n’kuyamba ulimi, atalephera ndipo anali munthu wachiwawa, anayamba kumwa moŵa m’nthaŵi yake.

Popeza kuti panthaŵiyo atsikana sankatumizidwa kusukulu, iye anaphunzira kuŵerenga ndi kulemba kudzera mwa woperekera zakudya. Apanso, mu nthawi yomwe tatchulayi, njira yokhayo yodziwira kuti atsikana azipeza ndalama ndizokwatirana ndipo chifukwa Wollstonecraft sanali pafupi ndi izi, adachoka panyumba. Ndipo akuganiza kuti kukwatiwa ndi ndalama ndi uhule wovomerezeka.

Panthawi imeneyi, iye ankachita pafupifupi ntchito zambiri zimene akazi ankatha kuchita. Amakonda madera monga kutsagana ndi anthu olemera pamaulendo awo ndi ntchito zawo kuti alipidwa, kukhala woyang'anira, kuphunzitsa, kukhala wamkulu pasukulu, komanso kulemba. Nkhani yayitali yomwe adakumana nayo panthawi yomwe anali wolera ana ndipo adatcha Mary ndi mabuku ake otchedwa Education of Girls adasindikizidwa ndi nyumba yosindikiza ya Fleet Street. Atalemba ntchito Wollstonecraft, yemwe adakhudzidwa ndi malingaliro a wofalitsa Joseph, monga mkonzi, adaphunzira ndikumasulira Chitaliyana, Chijeremani ndi Chifalansa kupyolera mu ntchito yake.

Anakhala wotchuka nthawi yomweyo mu 1770, ali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi chimodzi. Anamutcha dzina lakuti Underskirt Fisi atasindikiza nkhani yakuti 'Chitetezo cha Ufulu Wachibadwidwe' motsutsana ndi Edmund Burke, yemwe amadziwika chifukwa cha zomwe anachita motsutsana ndi French Revolution. Anasindikiza buku lake, The Justification of the Rights of Women, lomwe linachokera pa Declaration of Human Rights ndipo anamaliza m'milungu isanu ndi umodzi, ndikulipereka kwa Talleyrand, mtsogoleri wa dziko la France. Pantchitoyi, adanena kuti amayi sakhala ofooka poyerekeza ndi amuna mwachibadwa komanso kuti ndi ofanana, koma zenizeni, zoterezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maphunziro ndi umbuli.

Wollstonecraft, mkazi amene anali paubwenzi woipa ndi Fuseli ndi Gilbert Imlay ndipo anali ndi mwana wamkazi wa ku Imlay, anakwatiwa ndi William Godwin, amene anakumana naye kupyolera mwa wofalitsa wake, mu 1775. Komabe, anamwalira patapita zaka ziŵiri, patatha masiku khumi kuchokera pamene mwana wake wamkazi wachiŵiri anabadwa. Imfa yake inasiya mipukutu yambiri yosamalizidwa. Mwana wake wamkazi wachiwiri, yemwe aliyense amamudziwa monga Mary Shelley, anamwalira atangobadwa kumene; Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin adatsatiranso njira ya amayi ake kuti akhale wolemba ndikusindikiza Frankenstein.

Chaka chatha Wollstonecraft atamwalira, mkazi wake adasindikiza mbiri ya Wollstonecraft. 20, ngakhale mwadala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka koyipa kwa Wollstonecraft chifukwa cha mbiri iyi. Ndi zikutuluka za mayendedwe achikazi ndi kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana lino, malingaliro a wolemba adawonekeranso ndikuyamba kufunikira. Makamaka kutsutsa kwa amayi ndi kufanana komanso chikhalidwe chazinthu zazikazi kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Iye tsopano akuwoneka ngati chimodzi mwazizindikiro za nzeru za akazi komanso pakati pa omwe adayambitsa.

Tikayang'ana malingaliro a wolemba, ndizotheka kunena kuti ali ndi lingaliro lomwe lingakhazikitsidwe pazomangamanga zomwe zimayang'ana pakukhulupirira kosavuta komanso kufanana pamalingaliro. Amanena kuti ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu wofanana potengera lingaliro la umunthu ndi maphunziro ena, makamaka maphunziro. Muzochita zake, amawonetsa malo monga nyumba komanso malo amtendere.

MABUKU

Malingaliro pa Maphunziro Atsikana
Kulungamitsidwa kwa Ufulu wa Akazi
Zochitika Zakale ndi Zamakhalidwe pa French Revolution