LIDYA CIVILIZATION

Lydia ndi dera pakati pa Menderes ndi Gediz Mitsinje. Anthu aku Lydians, omwe amadziwika ndi dzina lachigawochi, ndi anthu a ku Indo-European. BC 687 - BC. Ankakhala pakati pa 546. Likulu likulu ndi Sardeş. Giges anali mfumu yoyamba ya boma yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku 680 pamaso pa Khristu. Pokhala mtsogoleri wamphamvu, a Giges adakulitsa malire kumadera aku Kızılırmak. Anamenya nkhondo kwa nthawi yayitali ndi aku Cimmerians.
Kuti muwone mndandanda wa mafumu a nyengo zotsogola kwambiri; Gyges (680-652-BC), Ardys (652-625-BC), Sadyattes (625-610-BC), Alyattes BC; 610-575
Croesus (575-546 BC).
Anthu aku Lydians, chitukuko choyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, adagwiritsa golide, siliva, ndi ma elekitirodi ndalama. Nthawi yomaliza ya mfumu Croesus ndi nthawi yolemera komanso yowala kwambiri pa chitukuko.
Ziyankhulo ku Lydia
Chilankhulochi, chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri Kristu asanagwiritsidwe ntchito, sichinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi yoyamba ya Khristu. Ndipo patapita nthawi idakhala chilankhulo chakufa.
Zotsatira zakufukula ku Sardes, 5. ndi 4. Ntchito zakale zaku Lydian zidapezeka. Ndipo zilembo m'malemba awa zachokera ku zilembo za Greek Greek.
Panali zofanana ndi zilembo zachi Greek pazolembedwa zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu aku West kuposa Anatolia. Mtundu wamtunduwu wa molars udagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba kuzungulira Sardis ku 100.
Chipembedzo ku Lydia
Ngakhale palibe zambiri pazambiri zachipembedzo, zimapangidwa ndi kutengera kwa Ionia. Koma mayi wachikazi, dzina lake Cybele, ali paulemu. Milungu yambiri yachi Greek monga Zeus, Apollo ndi Artemis ankapembedzedwa. Panali manda otchedwa tumuli. Manda, omwe amatchedwa tumuli, anali okongoletsedwa ndimiyala yamiyala, koma panali chikhulupiriro chakuti munthu akafa. Panali mwambo wamaliro wa maliro.
Socio-Economics
ndalama; Posinthanitsa ndi katundu wogwira ntchito, asanagwiritse ntchito ndalama, chimanga, nkhwangwa, ng'ombe ndi ndalama zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndalama. Pambuyo pake, komabe, adapangidwa ndi zidutswa zozungulira zazing'ono ndi zazitsulo, zomwe kulemera kwake kunali kwake, komwe chovala champhamvu cha boma kapena chizindikiro chake. Zithunzi zomwe zinali m'makobidi zinkatchedwa 'mitundu'. M'makobidi oyambira, mbali yakutsogolo ya mtunduwo, pomwe kumbuyo kwake kudayamba kuchitika. Poyamba, pomwe mutu wa mkango kapena ng'ombe umawonetsedwa, patapita nthawi, mitundu yoyimira mizindayo ndi olamulira inayamba kuchitika.
Ndalamazo zinali ndi zolemba. M'mawu awa, panali dzina la anthu kapena manejala yemwe amatulutsa ndalama, dzina la mkuluyo woyang'anira ntchito yosindikiza ndalama ndi chidziwitso chofotokoza mtundu wa khobidi, komanso tsiku ndi chidutswa.