Chikominisi ndi chiyani? Ndani amatchedwa Wachikominisi?

Chikominisi ndi lingaliro lamakhazikitsidwa pamalingaliro a umwini wamba. Titha kunena kuti mayendedwewo adapangidwa moyenerera. Munkhaniyi tiyesera kukupatsirani chidziwitso cha chomwe chikominisi chimadziwika, chomwe chimatchedwa chikominisi, ndiye amene amayambitsa.

Monga liwu lochokera ku Chilatini, limatanthauza wamba komanso wapadziko lonse lapansi. Angatchedwe malingaliro a dongosolo lachitukuko lopanda magulu, lopanda ndalama komanso lopanda boma. Mu chikomyunizimu, chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi Manifesto a Chipani cha Communist cholembedwa ndi Karl Marx ndi Engels, lingaliro lakuti capitalism iyenera kuthetsedwa kotheratu likutetezedwa. Kusiyana kofunikira kwambiri pakuganizira za socialism ndikuti lingaliro lazinthu zapayekha siliyenera kuphatikizidwa konse.

Zinganenedwe kuti njira zopangira zili m'manja mwa boma ndipo, kwenikweni, socialism ndi gawo laling'ono la chikominisi. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro a chikomyunizimu omwe adasiya chizindikiro chake m'zaka za zana la 20, amalingalira za kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira zopangira zinthu molingana ndi mgwirizano wa anthu ndi kuthetsa lingaliro la katundu waumwini.

Boma likuchitira aliyense wokhala m'dera lawo mofanana. Choncho, kupanga zonse ndi zochitika zikuchitika kudzera m'boma. Lingaliro limeneli likuphatikizidwa m'mawu a Marx mu pulogalamu yake ya 1875. Marx anafotokoza chikominisi monga "Kuchokera kwa aliyense malinga ndi luso lake, kwa aliyense malinga ndi zosowa zake".

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Chikomyunizimu chatetezedwa ndi anthu ambiri nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi izi m'mabuku a mbiri yakale kapena m'mabuku a filosofi. Kuyesera kwa chikomyunizimu kwapezekanso m'madera ambiri. Chodziwikiratu kwambiri ndi dongosolo lomwe a Bolsheviks adayesa kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa kusintha kwa Russia mu 1917. Komabe, chikomyunizimu, chomwe chasintha kukhala ulamuliro wankhanza wa chipani chimodzi, chatenga mawonekedwe otsutsana ndi demokalase. Gulu lomwe silivomereza boma lamtunduwu lomwe limaphwanya ufulu wa anthu lachotsa chikominisi.

Chikominisi ndi chiyani?

Chikominisi ndi malingaliro omwe amalola anthu kuwunika zomwe anthu ambiri amakonda. Russia yagwiritsa ntchito chikominisi ngati chida cha zikhumbo zawo za chik imperiya. Malingaliro oterewa amawonekeranso ku China. Chikominisi chamakono kwenikweni ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zidayendetsa kwambiri ndale zadziko kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20. Chipani cha Komyunisiti Manifesto, cholembedwa ndi Karl Marx ndi Engels, chikuwoneka motere. M'malo mokhala ngati mabungwe azikuluzikulu malinga ndi katundu wawo, gulu la chikominisi komwe kupanga zinthu kumatha ndi choona.

Chomwe chimayambira ndichofunitsitsa kukhazikitsa gulu lozakhalira pa umwini wopanda malire komanso wamba. Pazonse, chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zachikomyunizimu mosakayikira zimavomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri chifukwa cha njira yake yophatikizira komanso kufalitsa chilungamo. Komabe, zowonadi, pali malingaliro otsutsana a izi chilengedwe, ndipo zowonadi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali pansi pa utsogoleri wawo ndiofunika koposa.

Chikominisi ndi chiyani? Ndani amatchedwa Wachikominisi?

M'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chikominisi chikanenedwa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chikominisi chikhalepo momwe chimakhalira mtetezi wowona. Aliyense amene wavomerezedwa ndi mawu a galamala amatchedwa wachikominisi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti lingaliro ili lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu osakhulupirira komanso opanda chikhalidwe pagulu ndi njira yolakwika. M'malo mwake, m'malo mokhala wachipembedzo, zimawoneka ngati boma. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zofunika kwambiri kuti lingaliro la chikominisiti lisakhazikitsidwe m'dziko lathu ndikuti kapangidwe kachipembedzo ndi kapangidwe ka anthu omwe amalimbikitsa malingaliro awo ndi ofooka. Chifukwa chake, kuphuka kwa lingaliro loterolo kunaletsedwa m'dziko lathu.

Komabe, umwini wamba wa njira zopangidwira, kufanana kwa anthu pakati pa anthu, ndi mfundo zomwe zingapangitse zotsatira zabwino pagulu lonse. Mao ku China ndi Lenin ku Russia sanapeze lingaliro la kukwaniritsidwa kwa chikominisi. Ngati nyumba zachifumu ndi nyumba zikumangidwa mdziko lapansi ndipo wina akukhala pano, zingakhale zolakwika kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito chikominisi pamaziko a chilungamo.

Ku Russia, anthu okhala m'mabwalo amnyumba yachifumu, nyumba zachifumu, nyumba zodzaza nyumba sakhala ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi omwe akukhala m'nyumba zanyumba. Izi zonse zikuwonetsa kuti chikominisi chikuwoneka kuti sichitha kukhazikitsa. Lingaliro loti magulu osawerengeka sangakhale padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuti mayiko amitundu yonse amafuna kukhala pansi pa boma linalake limapangitsa izi kukhala zosatheka.

Ndani Woyambitsa Chikominisi?

Chikominisi si sayansi. Komanso si sayansi. Chikominisi ndi lingaliro ndi njira ya chikhulupiriro. Poyambirira anali wa ku Iran yemwe amadziwika kuti Mejdek. Mejdek amapembedza moto. Shah wa ku Persia adakhulupirira Kubad Mejdek. Mu 1848, Karl Marx adasindikiza Komputa wa Chikomyunizimu kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi mnzake Engels. Pachifukwa ichi, amadziwika kuti Karl Marx, bambo wa chikomyunizimu. Ngakhale iyi ndi yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi, yachiwiri yapadziko lonse idakhazikitsidwa ku Europe. Pomaliza, Stalin adadziwikanso ndi malingaliro ake a Leninist ndi a Marxist chifukwa chachitatu padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimapangidwa ndi Stalin.