Zambiri zokhudza Ahiti, Ahiti Achidule

Fukoli, lomwe lidakhala pakati pa 1650 - 1200 B.C., lidapangitsa kuti pakhale malingaliro atsopano mu Asuri Trade Colony. Zikuwonetsa mkhalidwe wokhala Indian - European fuko. Woyambitsa boma ndi Labarna. Amatchedwa Boğazkale kapena Hattusa likulu. Pali nyumba yayikulu pakati pa mzindawo.

Mukamayang'ana kumpoto chakumadzulo, nyumba zapadera kuyambira nthawi imeneyo komanso gawo lakumunsi komwe kuli Kachisi Wamkulu zimafikiridwa. Yenice Castle ndi Yellow Castle zili pano. Mzindawu uli kumtunda. Pali makoma owoneka ngati chifuwa omangidwa ndi mafumu mzaka za zana la 13 BC. Makoma amenewa akuphatikizapo Chipata cha Mfumu, Potern, Chipata cha Sphinx, Chipata cha Mkango.

Mbiri ya Ahiti

Ndikotheka kuwerengera mbiri ya Ahiti m'magawo awiri. BC 1650 - 1450 Ufumu Wakale ndi BC 1450 - 1200 imagawidwa mu Htite Imperial Period. Pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa Anatolia, adapanga gulu lankhondo kupita ku Syria. BC 1274'da itatha nkhondo ya Kadesh ndi Egypt BC. Pangano lomwe lili ndi dzina lofanana ndi nkhondo m'chaka cha 1269 lidapangidwa. Pangano ili ndi pangano loyamba kulembedwa. Dzikolo linawonongedwa ndi kuwukira kwa mafuko a Kashka.
BC Zaka za 1800 inali nthawi yoyamba kuti chidziwitso chokhudza boma chidziwike. Mbiri yakale ya Ahiti ndi nthawi yotchedwa Telipinu era 'Middle Kingdom'.

Kodi Ahiti ndi chiyani?

Ahiti ndiye chilankhulo chakale kwambiri pazilankhulo zaku Indo-European. Masilabu kapena zizindikilo chimodzi zimafotokoza mawu. Ma Hieroglyphs amasankhidwa m'malemba akulu monga zisindikizo ndi zipilala zamiyala. Kuwerenga ndi kulemba kumawerengedwa kuti ndi talente pagulu laling'ono. Mwa zina zolembedwa mu cuneiform, pali chaka, zikondwerero, zikalata zokhudzana ndi zochitika zakale, mapangano, zopereka ndi makalata. Kuphatikiza pa miyala yadothi, kunalinso miyala yamatabwa komanso yachitsulo.

Phale loyamba lachitsulo linapezeka ku Hattusa mu 1986.
Ahiti adayamba kupembedza milungu yambiri ndipo pali milungu ndi azimayi masauzande ambiri. Ambiri mwa milunguyi adatengedwa kuzipembedzo za mafuko ena. Milungu imagwirizana ndi anthu. Kuphatikiza pakuphimbidwa thupi, zilinso ngati munthu wokhala mu mzimu. Amadya, kumwa komanso kuchita bwino ngati amasamaliridwa bwino, monganso anthu.

Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ahiti, mulungu wamkulu ndi Tesup, mulungu wamkuntho. Mulungu wina ndi Hetap, Mkazi wamkazi wa Dzuwa. Dera limadziwikanso kuti dera la milungu masauzande. Ngakhale panali mzinda waukulu mumzinda uliwonse, mfumu iliyonse inali ndi mulungu womuteteza. Zimatsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo zakuthambo ndikusunga dongosolo la ufumuwo. Bungwe lazandale lotsogolera ndi Panku, wotchedwanso khonsolo yachifumu. Ufumuwo unali cholowa. Komabe, ngati kunalibe mwamuna woyamba kapena wachiwiri yemwe angakhale mfumu, mkazi wa mwana wamkazi wamfumu woyamba amathanso kukhala mfumu.

Wolowa m'malo mwa mfumu ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi Panku kenako ndikulumbira kuti adzakhala wokhulupirika. Panali mfumukazi pambali pa mfumu, ndipo ngakhale imatha kugwira nawo ntchito mfumukazi, mfumuyo ndiye inali yamphamvu kwambiri.

Potengera zomwe zili mu Pangano la Kadesh, lomwe ndi mgwirizano woyamba kulembedwa, II. Pomwe Ramses adachoka m'malo omwe adamenya nkhondo isanachitike, Ahiti adalanda mzinda wa Kadesh. Chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa Muvattalli chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa asirikali pamgwirizano, III. Hattusili adasaina. Ili ndiye pangano lakale kwambiri mmbiri yadziko lapansi lotengera kufanana.

Panganoli linalembedwa mu Akkadian pazikwangwani zasiliva pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba za cuneiform. Chisindikizo cha mfumukazi chimatengedwanso ndi chidindo cha mfumu. Ngakhale kuti panganoli lidatayika, pangano lomwe lidalembedwa pamakoma akachisi aku Egypt lidapezeka m'mabwinja a Boğazköy ndipo akuwonetsedwa ku Istanbul Archaeological Museum, pomwe buku lokulitsa lili munyumba ya United Nations ku New York.